آفاتآفات محصولات زراعی

سن گل‌خوار یونجه

Lygus rugulipennis

مرفولوژی

حشره کامل به طول1.6 تا 5.4 میلی‌متر و به رنگ سبز متمایل به زرد است. ماده‌ها دارای تخم‌های ریز کاملا مشخص و قابل رؤیت هستند. در پوره‌های سن دو به بعد در قسمت پشت قفسه سینه لکه‌های رنگی ظاهر می‌شود (از علائم تشخیص سنین پورگی این گروه از سن‌ها) .

زیست‌شناسی

زمستان‌گذرانی به صورت حشره کامل زیر پوستک درختان تبریزی و بید، حاشیه مزارع یونجه، برگ‌های پای درختان، لابه‌لای علف‌های هرز و بقایای گیاهی داخل مزرعه انجام می‌شود. در شرایط اقلیمی همدان دو نسل کامل و یک نسل ناقص دارد. دوره تخم‌گذاری و تعداد تخم حشره به نوع میزبان بستگی دارد. تخم‌ها ممکن است به شکل انفرادی یا چندتایی باشند.

خسارت

تغذیه این حشره از اندام‌های زایشی گیاه باعث کاهش قوه نامیه، لاغری، کاهش وزن هزار دانه و ریزش قابل توجه غنچه و گل‌های یونجه می‌شود. خسارت در مرحله گل به قدری زیاد است که گل‌آذین تنها محور گل باقی می‌ماند.

کنترل

با کوتاه کردن فاصله آبیاری می‌توان از شدت خسارت کاست. سمپاشی در مرحله گلدهی برای تلقیح گل‌ها بسیار خطرناک است و با توجه به نیاز مبرم یونجه به گرده‌افشان‌ها، در صورت اجبار باید سمپاشی در مرحله غنچه‌های سبز انجام شود. آفت‌کش‌های به کار رفته باید دارای اثر ضربه‌ای و کم دوام باشند.

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