بیماری هابیماری های محصولات زراعیبیماری های محصولات گلخانه ای

سفیدک سطحی،حقیقی یا پودری خیار

Powdery mildew

عامل بیماری: Golovinomyces cichoracearum (synonym = Erysiphe cichoracearum), Podosphaera xanthii (synonym = Sphaerotheca fuliginea)

علائم بیماری

تمام خانواده کدوییان مستعد آلودگی به قارچ سفیدک پودری هستند. علائم به صورت لکه‌های زرد کم رنگ روی ساقه، دم برگ و برگ ظاهر می‌شود. آلودگی ممکن است در بالا و یا پایین سطح برگ رخ دهد. هم‮زمان با بزرگتر شدن بوته‮ها، لکه‌ها در اندام های آسیب دیده ایجاد شده و علائم پودری ظاهر می گردد. برگ های آلوده به تدریج زرد و سپس قهوه‌ای شده و در نهایت خشک می‌شوند.

به طور کلی، میوه‌های خانواده کدوییان به طور مستقیم مورد حمله قرار نمی‌گیرند با این حال، به علت از دست رفتن شاخساره‌های گیاهی، میوه ممکن است در معرض نور مستقیم آفتاب قرار گرفته و در نتیجه آفتاب سوختگی و کاهش کیفیت میوه رخ دهد. در نهایت آلوده شدن میوه به قارچ، اگر چه به ندرت اتفاق می‌افتد، اما می‌تواند در هندوانه و خیار رخ دهد.‬‬‬‬

شرایط گسترش بیماری

قارچ‌هایی که باعث کپک پودری می شوند، انگل هستند. به این معنی که آنها برای بقا خود نیاز به یک میزبان زنده دارند. این قارچ ها معمولا بر روی علف‌های هرز زمستان گذرانی می‌کنند. فاصله‌های طولانی را از طریق جریان هوا طی می‌کنند. اگر چه برای ایجاد بیماری، وجود رطوبت بالا (رطوبت نسبی ۵۰ تا ۹۰ درصد) ضروری است ولی عفونت می‌تواند بدون مرطوب بودن سطح گیاه نیز ایجاد شود.

کلونیزاسیون، اسپورالاسیون و پراکندگی کونیدیاها در شرایط خشک انجام می‌گیرد. رشد زیاد گیاه، درجه حرارت متوسط، نور کم و شبنم برای توسعه بیماری بسیار مناسب است. آلودگی می‌تواند در دمای بین ۱۰-۳۲ درجه سانتیگراد (۵۰-۹۰ درجه فارنهایت) رخ دهد، در حالی که دمای مطلوب بین ۲۰ تا ۲۷ درجه سانتیگراد (۶۸-۸۰ درجه فارنهایت) می‌باشد.

کنترل بیماری

  • کشت ارقام مقاوم در صورت امکان
  • اجرای سم پاشی پیشگیرانه جهت کاهش وقوع آلودگی
  • اجتناب از کشت‮های متراکم‬
  • کنترل علف های هرز و رعایت بهداشت زراعی
  • ایجاد تهویه مناسب در گلخانه و هرس برگ‌های آلوده و معدوم كردن آنها

امتیاز کاربران: 4.35 ( 1 رای)

209 دیدگاه

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