سم شناسیسموم حشره کش

دلتامترین،انقلابی در عرصه حشره کش ها

Deltamethrin

 

اين آفت كش در بازار با نام تجاري دسيس Decis 2/5 % EC وجود دارد. دلتامترین از گروه حشره‌كش­هاي پايريتروئيدي بوده و داراي اثر تماسي و گوارشي مي‌باشد. اين تركيب به صورت امولسيون  (۲٫۵% EC)طيف وسيعي از حشرات مكنده و جونده را از راسته‌هاي گوناگون كنترل مي‌كند. اين­ها براساس پايريترين طبيعي ساخته شده است. اين تركيب  ۱۰ تا ۱۵ روز روي سطوح سمپاشي شده دوام دارد. دلتامترین در خاك در اثر فعاليت ميكروارگانيسم‌ها ظرف مدت  ۱ تا ۲ هفته تجزيه شده و بطور كلي نيمه عمر  (DT50)آن در خاك­هاي زراعي كمتر از ۲۳ روز است. ساخت اين آفت كش در جاي خود، انقلاب در توليد و عرضه حشره كش­هاي شيميايي به شمار مي‌رود. اين تركيب در برابر نور خورشيد پايداري زيادي دارد (تحت تابش مستقيم اشعه ماوراي بنفش  UV). چون خاصيت تبخيري كم و دوام آن روي محصول زياد است. قدرت حشره‌كشي اين تركيب صد برابر از تركيبات كلره، پنج برابر از تركيبات فسفره و پنج تا ده برابر از ساير پيريتروئيدها بيشتر است. سميت گوارشي اين تركيب براي جانوران خونگرم و انسان زياد مي‌باشد. سطح پوست جانوران خونگرم پوشيده از لايه كراتين مي‌باشد در نتيجه اين سم برخلاف سموم فسفره غير قابل نفوذ به پوست بدن انسان است، بنابراين نمي‌تواند وارد جريان خون شود، پس سميت پوستي پاييني دارد.

مكانيسم اثر:

اين تركيب اثر ضربه‌اي (Knock down) سريع دارد. اين تاثير مستقيماً به اثر كشندگي سم مربوط نيست، زيرا ميزان سم لازم براي ايجاد مرگ و مير معمولاً بسيار بيشتر از مقداري است كه براي فلج كردن آن­ها مورد نياز مي‌باشد. اثر اين تركيب مثل پايريترين­هاست بطوريكه باعث افتادن سريع حشره مي‌شود و چنانچه غلظت مناسبي انتخاب شود كارايي آن در حشرات بسيار چشمگير خواهد بود. اثر دلتامترین ناشي از مهار كنندگي اعصاب بوده و با درجه حرارت رابطه مستقيم دارد (برخلاف آمبوش). دلتامترین ميزان حساسيت ناحيه پس سيناپسي را به تحريكات عصبي كاهش مي‌دهد. ميزان رها سازي گاما آمينوبوتريك اسيد (GABA)را در ناحيه پيش سيناپسي افزايش مي‌دهد و باعث ممانعت از انتقال پيام‌هاي عصبي مي‌شود. دلتامترین چربي دوست بوده و به راحتي جذب لايه كوتيكول حشرات و سطح برگ مي‌شود و در نتيجه در مقابل اثر شسته شدن باران مقاوم است. خاصيت حشره‌كشي دلتامترین جز به مقدار دز توصيه شده در مورد هر آفت و پوشش كامل لايه سم روي سطح برگ بستگي دارد.

موارد مصرف:

دلتامترین با طيف اثر وسيع، به منظور كنترل سنهاي زيان‌آور، ملخ­ها، لارو بالپولكداران، سرخرطومي‌ها شته‌ها، كنه‌ها، ملخها، كك­هاي آفت گياهي، تريپس­ها، شپشك­ها، عسلك­ها، مگس‌هاي سفيد گلخانه و پسيل‌ها بر روي گندم، پنبه، سبزيجات، يونجه و شبدر، سويا، چغندر قند، درختان ميوه سردسيري و مركبات مورد استفاده قرار مي‌گيرد، چون دوام آن در محيط كم است، مصرف آن روي سبزيجات قابل توجه مي‌باشد.

سازگاري و اختلاط:

از نظر سازگاري و قابليت اختلاط با قارچكش­ها و حشره‌كش­ها، تاكنون عدم سازگاري آن به اثبات نرسيده است. همچنين دلتامترین فاقد خاصيت خورندگي مي‌باشد.

موارد توصيه دلتامترین در محصولات كشاورزي :

نام محصول نام آفت مقدار مصرف
زيتون مگس زيتون ۱ در هزار
درختان ميوه سردسيري برگخوار و جوانه‌خوار، پسيل گلابي ۰٫۳ تا ۰٫۴ ليتر در هزار
پروانه‌فري، شته سبز هلو، سرخرطومي سيب و گلابي، پروانه زنبور مانند، سرشاخه خوار هلو سيدزلكه گرد سيب ۰٫۵ تا ۰٫۶  ليتر در هزار
شته سبز سيب، زنبور گلابي، زنبور گوجه ۰٫۴ ليتر در هزار
مركبات شته‌ها ۰٫۶ ليتر در هزار ليتر آب
پروانه مينوزبرگ ۰٫۳ تا ۰٫۴ ليتر در هزار
گندم و جو سنهاي زيان‌آور ۰٫۳ ليتر در هكتار
پنبه كرم غوزه پنبه و شته‌هاي پنبه كرم طوقه بر ۰٫۴ تا ۰٫۶  ليتر در هكتار
شب پره گاما، كارادرنيا وپرودنيا ۷۵۰ ميلي ليتر در هكتار
عسلك پنبه ۰٫۵ تا ۰٫۸  ليتر در هكتار
كرم خاردار پنبه ۰٫۵ تا ۰٫۶  ليتر در هكتار
چغندرقند كرم طوقه بر، خرطوم كوتاه و كك چغندر ۰٫۳ تا ۰٫۴  ليتر در هكتار
مگس چغندرقند ۰٫۵ تا ۰٫۶  ليتر در هكتار
پرودنيا ۱ ليتر در هكتار
سويا تريپس و آفات مكنده ۰٫۴ تا ۰٫۶  ليتر در هكتار
يونجه، شبدر و اسپرس سرخرطومي‌هاي يونجه و كرمهاي برگخوار ۰٫۴ تا ۰٫۵  ليتر در هكتار
سبزيجات، انگورفرنگي و توتون مگس ميوه، شته، كرم غوزه پنبه، بيدكلم و پروانه سفيده كلم ۰٫۴ تا ۰٫۶  ليتر در هكتار
مگس سفيد گلخانه ۰٫۵ تا ۱  ليتر در هكتار
تريپس پياز و كرم طوقه بر ۰٫۳ تا ۰٫۴  ليتر در هكتار
نخود، نخودفرنگي، باقلا، عدس، كتان، كلزا، گلرنگ و آفتابگردان اگروتس سرخرطومي حبوبات، هليوتيس، سن سبز، زنجره ۰٫۳ تا ۰٫۶  ليتر در هكتار
ذرت و سوركوم هليوتيس ۰٫۶ ليتر در هكتار

 

ملاحظات اختصاصی:

  • سم پاشی باید با مشاهده اولین علائم خسارت انجام شود و سم پاشی­های بعدی به فاصله ۱۰ تا ۱۴ روز بعد بسته به نیاز انجام شود.
  • محلول آفت کش در اثر بارندگی از روی سطح گیاه شسته می­شود.
  • سم پاشی قبل از کاشت خیار در گلخانه و مزارعی که با تریپس مواجه هستند ضرورت دارد.

ملاحظات عمومی:

  • جهت اطلاع از جزئیات با کارشناسان حفظ نباتات استان یا شهرستان ها مشورت نمایید.
  • قبل از مصرف سم، برچسب آن را به دقت مطالعه نمایید.
  • فروش این سم بدون نسخه گیاه پزشک ممنوع است.

امتیاز کاربران: 5 ( 1 رای)

228 دیدگاه

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